Combustion-engine.



e. FORNACAg I QOMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 18. I913.

Patenfed July 4, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEE T 2.

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G. FORNACA. I

COMBUSTION ENGINE. I APRLICATION FILED 'NOV. 1a. 1913.

, Patented July 4,1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

i v K I l LA Q l awuenboz euroo FORNACA, or roam, ITALY, assren'on T0 r. I. A. 'r., A oozaroaarron or NEW YonK.

- ooMBUsTIOrI-ENGINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Goioo FoRNAoA, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at Turin, in the Province of Piedmont, Italy, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combustion-Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

. This invention relates to a six cylinder engine casting and has particular reference t the construction and arrangement of the cy inders, the gas inlets and outlets, and the water passages ayh'erebyi a compact light and strong sixcylinder engine is made in a sin gle casting.

I have heretofore invented four cylinder block motor castings, wherein the water jacket incloses the inlet and exhaust manifolds and also embodying the removable cover, which have been successfully operated. So far as I am aware, however, prior to the invention of this application, six cylinder motors have been built up of separate castings, each casting embodying one or more cylinders with outside connections for i the manifolds and the water circulation, it having been considered impracticable to embody six cylinders in a unitary casting and at the same time to provide for the necessary mechanical strength, equal water circulation, equal distribution of charge to the various cylinders, and substantial equalization of temperature throughout the casting. By this invention, I have succeeded in attaining these obJects, and have produced a six cylinder block motor having considertribution of charge to'the cylinders.

ably less weight and length for the same power, as compared with six cylinder motors built up of several castings, and without the production of objectionable strains, insufficient water circulation or unequalI disam also enabled to simplify the external appurtenances of the motor and to inclose all moving parts, so that utmost quietness in operation is attained.

In the preferred form of this invention,

the admission and exhaust valves and pas-' sages are located on the sameside and within the water jacket in a very compact manner. providing equal distribution of gases and strains due to heating, while permitting proper water flow and eflicient cooling. An engine of minimum dimensions and weight in proportion to its power is'pro Specification of Letters Patent. I Patentd July 4, 1916, Application filed November 18, 1913. Serial No. 801,585.

vided, and in which all working parts can be easily inclosed. I

In accordance with this invention, the cylinders .are divided into groups of two cylinders each, and the admission passage or passages are arranged to distribute uniformly the explosive mixture to the several cylinders of the six cylinder engine. The

cylinders of each pair have in part common wall portions, whereby the cylinders of the respective pairs are brought closely together, and the entire casting shortened and lightened as compared with engines built up of several cylinders or separate groups. The-admission passage comprises two transverse main passages connected to a common longitudinal passage, within the water jacket, the inlet valve chambers opening from this longitudinal passage and all being at substantially the same distance from the supply. The exhaust passage is also embodied in the casting, so as to be cooled by the water and thereby prevent injurious -5 is a horizontal section taken on the line 55 of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken on the line 66 of Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a vertical section taken on the line 7-7 of Fig. 3; and Fig. 8 is a. vertical section taken on the line 88 of Fig. 3.

1 represents the base upon which the casting is mounted in the vehicle, which is of usual and well known construction. The casting is made up of cylinders 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, each of which has an integral head, and is opened at the bottom. The cylinders 2, 3 are joined so as to have a common wall 13, with'corresponding wall 14 for Cylinders.

1 4, 5, and corresponding wall '15 for cylinders 6, 7. This avoids spaces between the cylinders as heretofore employed in six cylinder engines, enabling the overall length of the engine to be considerably reduced, and also assists the flow of water as will be more "exhaust manifolds, sofas, to keep the interior fully explained- '28 is .a water jacket in- I.

tegral with the cylinders and surrounding the tops and heads-thereof, the top of the water jacket being preferably open to receive 'a'remova'ble cover 8, which is suitably bolted thereto. Thecover 8 is provided with "a'channel 35 which. discharges the water to the cooler through. outlet 36, and receives the water from thewater jacket 28 through.

.cover inlet or water jacket outlet 37. The

water is admitted to the water jacket at the 'f-ront lower side through inlet 38,.preferably from a pump, and must be equallyl dis-- tributed around the sides and heads of each,

of the cylinders, and around the inlet and ofthe casting at apractical'ly uniform terns -'peraturelto avoid injurious strains due to unequal expansion, and-also so that one cylinder wiH not-b'e' any cooler than" another.

' In orderto'do this a system of-baflles and water guides .is provided which, not. only,

guide theflow ofwater butconnect the inter'ior parts ofthe castingto the-water j acketand cylinder, so that the entire struc- H mm is properly supported and interiorly braced. The water is also caused to how in such manner as tobe aided-by convection and to avoid-slackwater pockets, or eddies.

It is impossible to show. all-of the baflies in (any one figurc,'but-Figs. 1, 2 and'5 show a der heads to the Water jacket outlet 38.

, the outlet.

'the water vertically upward and over' each cylinder head, it being seen that there isa space provided immediatelybelow ,the'lower surface-of the cover 8 through which the number of"them.' Adjacent-the head of each cylinder are vertical baffles-40, which, are extended to form external ribs 41 on the clylinder. heads, which not only; strengthen e" heads to resist the explosion, but guide water can flow horizontally above thecylinhere are als'overtically disposed side baifles 42 between each cylinder and the water jacket so that the water is caused to'fiow' ve'rtically up and over the center of each cylinder head. There" are also two or more vertical bafiles 43 between the water jacket 28' and the exhaust manifold 25 which also.

direct the water upward, and tend to break 'up the natural longitudinal flow between in let 38 and outlet 37. Between the separated cylinders 3, 4 and '5, 6, vertical baffles 45 are provided, for the purpose of directing the flow of water upwardly between these cylinders, and also to support the inlet pipes 16, 17; By this arrangement of the inlet at the end of the water jacket and the outlet at the opposite upper end, the water will be broken up into parallel upwardly flowing currents, which will merge in the space above the cylinder heads and flew toward It will also be seen that the natural upward convection currents caused by the heating of the water will assist-the 'inlet' pipes 16, 17.

.form temperature and equal distributionof [the inlet gases to each of the six cylinders in.

its proper turn, and also, to avoid unnec- 8O essary' width of the casting, a speclal arrangeme'nt of'theinlet and exhaust manifolds and their connections with the several valve chambers is provided.

The pipes 16, I are'shown in section'in Fig. 4, in which it will be seen. that they'r'espectively conmet; with 'closed-' end pipes 21, 23, and are connected to each other, at the oppositeside of cylinders 4 and '5: "Theinner "walls of pipes .16 andl? being inpart common with the walls of cylinders .3, 4,5 and 6, enables the inlet manifold-jcomposed of the three sections 23, 18, 21, to be very short, and to be brought very "close to the cylinders withoutundue increase of width of theentire casting. It also'insures a uniform-heating of the-Inixtura'whi'ch is heated'by the water upon entering-pipes l6 and 11-7, and'then passes'very close'to the cylinder interiors;

It will also be s en that each cylinder-will v be practically the same distance-from the carbureter, which is essential in order that eacliwill obtain the same supplyrof gas, and 1 also secures a considerably shorter path of cylinder engines built up of separate cast- .The inlet gas-passage '23 opens into a; doubue inlet chamber 24 supplying cylinders 2 and 3, while'inlet passage lS'opens into a double chamber '20 supplying cylinders 4 and 5, and passage F21 opens.into a similar double inlet chamber 22 supplying cylinders 6 and 7. These openings appearasnarrow slots immediately inside the sectioned upper Sides of inlet chambers 24, 20 and 22in Fig.

3, but it will-be seen vfrom Fig.- 7 that they are inclined at an angle of about forty-five degrees and are amply wide, valve chamber 20 being shown in section in Fig. 7,'and the vvalve stem guide 9 for the inlet valve of cylinder 5 being seen in elevation. Each of these valve chambers contains two inlet valve seats 10, as seen in Fig. 1, which also shows a vertical section of the valve cha1n ber 20 on the line 1 ---1 of Fig. 3.

The exhaust manifold 25 consists of a substantially straight but-flaring tube parallel'to theouter casing of the water. jacket and communicating with exhaust valve seats the gas than is provided for. in previous m'x through passages 26, see Figs. 3 and 8. The

relative arrangement of the inlet and exhaust manifolds on opposite sides of the valve stem guides 9 and below the valve r seats is of importance in securing compactness, it being seen that these manifolds are fully within the water jacket, with water circulation entirely around them, and of ample area, without increasing the total width of the casting. In order toprovide access to the valve seats and valves, bushings 11 are provided in which the spark plugs will be inserted, while th openings 12 in the cylinder heads are intended to receive petcocks, it being seen that the pet-cocks .(or spark plugs, if desired) when properly screwed in will prevent any water from getting into the cylinder head. The bushings 1]. being outside of the cover 8 can be removed without disturbing the water connections, so that a valve can be inserted'or removed or ground on its seat.

30 is a'cover removably fitted to the valve side of the casting to inclose the valve lifts, being secured by thumb-scre'w47' threaded on a.bolt 48.

The novel features of inlet and exhaust manifolds herein shown but not claimed, are claimed in my copending application Serial No. 533,554, filed December 17, 1909, while I the novel features relating to cooling are broadly claimed in my copending application Serial No. 600,854,- filed January 5,

' 1911, while the novel features pertaining to an inclosed combustion engine are claimed in my copendingapplication Serial No.

759,62 8, filed April 8, 1913, as a division of said application Serial No. 600,854. While to secure by Letters Patent, is t sage between each pair of cylinders, a longitudinal passage intermediatelyconnected to said transverse admission passages, and a passage from said longitudinal passage to each of saidvcylinders.

2. An integral six cylinder combustion engine casting comprising three spaced pairs of engine cylinders, a transverse admission passage in said space between each pair of cylinders, a longitudinal passage intermediately connected .to said transverse admission passages, and a passage from said longitudinal passage to each of said cylinders.

3.An integral six cylinder combustion engine casting comprising three airs of engine cylinders, the cylinders 0 each pair being in contact vertically, a transverse admission passage between each pair of cylinders, a longitudinal passage intermediately connected to said transverse admission passages, and a passage from said longitudinal passage to each of said cylinders.

4:. An integralsix cylinder combustion engine casting comprising three pairs of engine cylinders, a transverse admission passage between each pair of cylinders, a longitudinal passage having "closed ends intermediately connected to said transverse admission 'passages and communicating with each cylinder at substantially equal distances from said transverse passages, an integral waterjacket surrounding said cylinders and passages, and an exhaust passageformed integrally 'with said casting and having connection with each of said cylin ders.

5. An integral engine casting comprising an external water jacket, six alined cylinders each havin an inlet, aisingle supply passage within t e casting extendingv longitudinally of. saidcylinders .and connecting said inlets, and means connected Within the casting intermediately to said longitudinal passage for equally supplying said cylinders with charge.

' (i. A casting for an integral six cylinder engine comprising a plurality of groups of cylinders, an. external water jacket, an in-- let pipe extending longitudinally on one side of and adjacent said cylinders and having a branch leading to each-cylinder, and a supply branch between each group connected with said casting intermediately to said inlet pipe for equally supplying said cylinders with charge. v

7. An integral engine casting comprising an external water jacket, six alined cylin-. ders each having an overhang on one side for an inlet and an exhaust valve, a chamber for each valve, a single supply passage withinthe casting extending longitudinally and -connecting said inlet chambers, means con-- nected within the casting intermediately to said longitudinal passage for equally supplying said cylinders with charge, and an exhaust passage adjacent saidsupply p'assage connected toeach of said exhaust chambers and opening through the water jacket at one end.

8. An integral engine casting comprising six alined cylinders each having an overhang on one side for an inlet and an exhaust valve, an inlet and'an exhaust valve chamber below each overhang, a single supply passage extending longitudinally below and connecting said inlet chambers, a pluits-$751 $2:

a at 2a cylinders with charges and an exhaust pas-' sage extending longitudinally adjacent said supply passage'from one extreme exhaust valve chamber through the opposite end of said casting. v

9. An integral engine casting comprising six alined cylinders each having an overhang on oneside for an inlet valve, inlet chambers below said overhangs common to each pair of cylinders, a single supply passage within the casting extending longitudinally adjacent said cylinders and connecting said inlet chambers, and a-plurality of transverse supply passages opening through the side of said casting intermediately into said supply passage for equally supplying said cylinders with charge.

10. An engine casting comprising six alined cylinders each having an overhang on. one side for an inlet valve, a plurality of inlet valve chambers below said overhang, a supply passage within the casting extending longitudinally of said cylinders between the extreme inlet chambers, a plurality of transverse supply passages opening from the side of said casting intermediately into said supply passage for equally supplying said cylinders with charge, and an integral water jacket inclosing said cylinders, inlet pas-' sages, valve chambers and overhangs.

11. An engine casting comprising six alined cylinders each having an overhang on one side for an inlet valve, a plurality of valve chambers below said overhangs, a supply passage extending longitudinally of said cylinders between .the extreme inlet chambers, a plurality of transverse supply passages opening from the side of said casting intermediately into said supply passage, a water jacket open at the top inclosing said cylinders, inlet passages, valve chambers and overhangs, in combination with a channeled removable cover for said water jacket, said cover having a water inlet from the jacket at one end and an outlet at the opposite end, and said water jacket having a water inlet at the end distant from said cover inlet with intervening bafiies for directing the flow of water upwardly of said cylinders and longitudinally over said cylinder heads.

12. A water jacketed engine casting comprising .six alined cylinders arranged in pairs having a common wall and integral heads, inlet passages for supplying said cylinders including a longitudinal passage with transverse branches between said pairs of cylinders, a water-jacket surrounding said cylinders and passages, a water inlet adjacent one end of said jacket and a water outlet adjacent the opposite-end, and vertically disposed bafiles between said cylinders and said jacket cooperating with said common walled cylinders to direct the flow of water upwardly of said cylinders and 1ongitudinally over said cylinder heads to said outlet.

13. An engine casting comprising six alined cylinders each having an overhang on one side for an outlet and an exhaust valve, a plurality of inlet and exhaust valve chambers below-said overhangs, a supply passage within the casting extending longitudinallyof said cylinders between the extreme inlet chambers,'means connected within the casting intermediately to said supply passage for equally supplying said cylinders with charge, an exhaust passage extending longitudinally below said overhang adjacent said supply passage from one extreme exhaust valve chamber through the opposite end of said casting, and valve stem guides between said inlet and exhaust passages.

14. An engine casting comprising six alined cylinders each having an overhang on one side for an inlet and an exhaust valve, a

plurality of'inlet andexhaust valve chambers below said overhangs, a supply passage within thecasting extending longitudinally of said cylinders between the extreme inlet chambers, a plurality of transverse supply passages opening from the side of saidcasting intermediately into said, supply passage, an exhaust passage extending longitudinally adjacent said supply'passage from one extreme exhaust'valve chamber-through the opposite end of' said casting, and a water jacket having separated inlet and outlet openings inclosing said cylinders, sup ly and exhaust passages,

In testimony whereof I aiiiX-Iny signature,

'in presence of two- Witnesses;

GUIDO FORNAQA Witnesses:

C. L; FEfIlES, GRATZ Ammo.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 1

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent N 0. 1,190,255, granted July 4, 1916,,

upon the application of Guido Fornaea of Turin, Italy, for ail improvement 1n Combustion-Engines, aneiror appesirs in the printed specification requiiing correction as follows: Page 4, line 72, for the word outlet read inlet; Bind that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the seme may conform to the record of the cage in the Patent Ofiice. I

Signed and sealedthis 25th da of July, A. 1 1916. [SEAL] i F. W. H. CLAY,

Acting Commissioner f Patents. 3 

